What is the best definition of probable cause?

• A. Beyond reasonable doubt
• B. Preponderance of the evidence
• C. Reasonable suspicion
• D. Clear and convincing evidence

Answer: (A)

Probable cause means a reasonable belief, based on facts and circumstances known at the time, that a crime has been committed or is being committed, and that evidence of that crime is found in a specific place or on a specific person. It sits between mere suspicion and the proof required for a conviction: there must be more than a hunch, but certainty to convict is not required. This standard justifies actions by police such as making an arrest or obtaining a search warrant, provided the facts would lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime is or has been committed. It is not the same as beyond a reasonable doubt (the standard for convicting someone in court), nor is it any of the civil or lower-duty standards like a preponderance of the evidence or clear and convincing evidence. For example, seeing a suspect flee a building with stolen items and finding the items in the suspect’s possession can establish probable cause to arrest or search, because the facts would lead a reasonable person to believe a crime has occurred.