Which amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment?

• A. First Amendment
• B. Eighth Amendment
• C. Fourth Amendment
• D. Fifth Amendment

Answer: (B)

This question tests understanding of which constitutional provision limits punishment in the criminal justice system. The Eighth Amendment prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. Ratified in 1791 as part of the Bill of Rights, it guards against barbaric treatment and ensures penalties are not excessive or disproportionate to the offense. Over time, courts have interpreted it to bar torture and overly harsh penalties, while allowing punishment that is proportionate and appropriate to the crime. The other amendments protect different rights—freedom of speech, religion, and assembly; protection against unreasonable searches and seizures; and due process and related protections—none of which directly target the cruelty or proportionality of punishment.